荔荔雨 2006-7-5 21:38
<P> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <FONT size=4> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4>美国的一项研究将98名9-14岁儿童分成4组:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>第一组,在言语门诊接受言语治疗师的治疗;</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>第二组,父母接受训练,由父母对其儿童进行口吃治疗,孩子不直接见言语治疗师; </FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>第三组,儿童应用治疗口吃的言语生物反馈计算机。他们不接受言语治疗师的治疗,父母也不参与治疗; </FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>第四组,作为对照组,不接受任何治疗。 </FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>治疗后1年的结果:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>言语治疗师治疗的儿童48%说话流利;</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>父母治疗的儿童63%说话流利;</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>计算机治疗的儿童71%说话流利;</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>对照组儿童言语没有进展。 </FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>从上来的结果来看,口吃儿童用机器矫正效果是最好的。看来,与人交流口吃者总是有心理障碍,与机器就不同了。成人口吃者也是这样,为什么口吃者愿意与宠物和机器待在一起也不愿与人交往就是这个原因。与那些没有人的感觉的东西相处,他们很放松,没有任何心理压力。儿童尤其如此。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>上述实验为了结果的准确,只是对儿童进行单项矫正和训练。如果能结合起来,效果会好得多。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>比如,许多口吃儿童每周接受1次言语治疗师的治疗,父母也不接受训练。这样效果并不好。在三项积极治疗中是效果最差的。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4></FONT></o:p></SPAN> </P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>更糟的是进行团体治疗,调查表明,团体治疗对儿童口吃没什么矫正效果,儿童需要的单独的关心。原因一个是孩子年龄太小,无自立能力,他们不可能在课后进行独立训练。第二个是儿童需要关怀,将他们淹没在一大群口吃儿童中集体矫正,不会有好效果。再者,团体矫正易将口吃儿童与构音障碍(比口吃更常见)或智能落后(口吃儿童也会给人智能落后的印象)儿童一起治疗,矫正效果会更差。 <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p><FONT size=4> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P><FONT size=4></FONT> </P>